Synthesis, structure, and lone pair activity of bismuth coordination compounds supported by chelating nitrogen donor ligands

The primary objective of this research is to evaluate whether bismuth (Bi) can be used as a substitute for lead (Pb) in cyanoaurate containing coordination polymers. Lead is toxic to health and a general environmental concern, so finding a safer alternative is crucial.Bismuth, which is in the same period of the periodic table as lead, can have the same electronic configuration, i.e., Bi³⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions. This research concentrates on examining the structural patterns and comparing the stereochemical behavior of the lone pairs in Bi³⁺ and Pb²⁺. A wide range of compounds were prepared using a systematically varied set of ligands and reaction conditions. Structural data were collected and analysed. In general, a range of coordination compounds were made, with fewer coordination polymers. It is hypothesized that different reaction conditions are needed to make the target materials. Ultimately, a series of new Bi coordination compounds are described. By conducting these analyses, the research aims to ascertain if Bi can be a suitable alternative to Pb in these materials. The findings could significantly contribute to the development of synthetic methods that are safer and more efficient routes to making coordination polymers, while reducing the reliance on Pb and enhancing material performance. This exploration into the substitution of Pb with Bi not only aims to improve the safety of these polymers but also to optimize their functional properties, leading to broader applications and advancements in the field of materials science.