Understanding the multiple factors in 'natural resource conflicts': a case study of local perspectives from Ewaso Ng'iro north river basin, Northern Kenya.

Kenya's Northern Arid and Semi-Arid regions are characterized by endemic conflicts commonly attributed to competition between pastoralists and agriculturalists for access to natural resources, especially fresh water. This research sought to explore how local actors representing different communities in the region perceive the factors that drive conflict in the region. Drawing upon extensive interviews and fieldwork, the study delved into intricate dynamics of natural resource-based conflict in Ewaso Ng'iro Basin as ethnic communities jostle for control and access to natural resources such as grazing areas, water, and land. The study examined the interconnection of political, environmental, and socioeconomic factors to conflicts in the region. The findings provide a more contextualized understanding of the political, economic, and social dynamics that make local people feel pessimistic about the prospects for ending conflict in this region. Specifically, the endurance of an ethnic-based political economy in Kenya undermines incentives for different groups to cooperate in the management of access to limited resources in the region. The study concludes with some recommendations for conflict resolution and cooperative management strategies in relation to natural resources in the region.