Local Government Innovation: A Policy Analysis of Stormwater Credit and Incentive Program Implementation

This study examines environmental innovations implemented by local governments to promote the adoption of green stormwater infrastructure on private lands. Using a case study approach and interviews with local government staff, I investigate the development and implementation of stormwater credit and incentive programs in ten cities in Oregon, Washington state, and Ontario. I describe key social, economic and environmental characteristics of the communities and local governments, discuss how contextual factors influenced the adoption and implementation of stormwater policies, and identify “smart practices” through which desired effects were achieved. Using a conceptual framework taken from the literature on implementing innovations, I analyze the roles of individuals, institutional structures, and culture in the implementation of stormwater policies. I conclude by drawing lessons from the experiences of these communities and making recommendations for the City of Victoria, British Columbia, which is planning to adopt a stormwater credit and incentive program.