The Anatomy of a City: A Forensic Investigation of the Geography of d2H and d18O Values of Tap Waters Within the Metro Vancouver Area

The isotopic patterns of d18O and d2H in tap water were investigated across a single regional district of Metro Vancouver (MV). Isotopic analysis of human tissues can reveal the individual’s geographical history with the isotopic signatures reflecting those of water consumed during the time of tissue formation. MV tap water samples were collected and analyzed for its isotopic compositions through the use of Triple Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer (TLWIA). This study found that isotopic compositions of MV tap water were unique to its water source and varied across the regional district, depending on the water distribution system supplied by multiple water sources. This allows for MV tap water to be sourced solely by its isotopic signatures. This finding has significant forensic importance as it suggests the possibility of ultimately sourcing human values to specific areas within MV, which could aid in forensic investigations.